{"id":311695,"date":"2025-06-12T02:03:48","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T23:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/?p=311695"},"modified":"2025-06-12T02:03:48","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T23:03:48","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%83-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/311695\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 “\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u061f \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639 “\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a”<\/span>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0627:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u0644 \u062e\u064f\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0635\u064c \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646… \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0631” (Alvin Toffler):<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645”<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Toffler, 1970).<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061f \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627: \u0644\u0627.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0640”\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629”\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 “\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628”<\/span>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645… \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u063a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a” (John Holt):<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629”<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Holt, 1982).<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u2014\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u2014\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 “\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a” (Dewey, 1938)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Formative Assessment)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645”:<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.”<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Wiliam, 2011)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645”\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u0631\u0649 “\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 “\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064d \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627”<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Robinson, 2015)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628”<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Hattie, 2009)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and Education. Macmillan.<\/strong><\/span>
\n2. Goodwin, B., & Hein, G. E. (1995). The Constructivist Museum. Journal of Education in Museums, 16(1), 21-23.<\/strong><\/span>
\n3. Hattie, J. (2009). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Routledge.<\/strong><\/span>
\n4. Holt, J. (1982). How Children Fail. Perseus Books.<\/strong><\/span>
\n5. Robinson, K. (2015). Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education. Viking.<\/strong><\/span>
\n6. Toffler, A. (1970). Future Shock. Random House.<\/strong><\/span>
\n7. Wiliam, D. (2011). Embedded Formative Assessment. Solution Tree Press.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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