{"id":310649,"date":"2025-05-27T01:34:17","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T22:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/?p=310649"},"modified":"2025-05-27T01:34:17","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T22:34:17","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/310649\/","title":{"rendered":"“\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645: \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645” (4) \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u061f \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/a> (Lev Vygotsky) \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a: “\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u064b\u0627.” (Vygotsky, 1978).<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 (Zone of Proximal Development – ZPD).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a: \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1896 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 37 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a.” (Vygotsky, 1978)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a ZPD \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f…).<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627”. (Chaiklin, 2003)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a” (private speech)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a (Scaffolding): \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0646 ZPD\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0631. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/strong><\/span>
\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/span>
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/strong><\/span>
\n4. \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0647.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n1. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.<\/strong><\/span>
\n2. Chaiklin, S. (2003). The zone of proximal development in Vygotsky\u2019s analysis of learning and instruction. In A. Kozulin, B. Gindis, V. Ageyev, & S. Miller (Eds.), Vygotsky\u2019s educational theory in cultural context (pp. 39\u201364). Cambridge University Press.<\/strong><\/span>
\n3. Daniels, H. (2001). Vygotsky and pedagogy. Routledge.<\/strong><\/span>
\n4. Bruner, J. (1986). Actual minds, possible worlds. Harvard University Press.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u061f \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a (Lev Vygotsky) \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a: …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":145,"featured_media":310650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1069,45267],"tags":[47083,47157,47156,38763,47158,47155],"class_list":["post-310649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1069","category-45267","tag-47083","tag-47157","tag-47156","tag-38763","tag-47158","tag-47155"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/145"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=310649"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310649\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/310650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=310649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3agelmasr.com\/post\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=310649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}